铜是一种化学元素,它的化学符号是Cu(拉丁语Cuprum),它的原子序数是29,是一种过渡金属。
中文名称:铜
中文别名:铜,丝状;铜,屑状;铜,粒状;电解铜箔;海绵铜;电解铜;铜粉;铜纱;纳米铜
英文名称:Copper
英文别名:C.I. 77400; C.I. Pigment Metal 2; Copper; copper coating quality balzers; Copper ingot; raney-copper ready for use; Raney-Copper; Copperpowderdendritic; CopperrodNmmdiacElectrolytic copperagcm; CoppershotNmmdia; CopperturningsN; CopperfoilNmmthickxmmwide; Copperwireclothmeshmmwidemmwiredia; Copperwiremmdia; Copperwiresreducedfromoxide; CopperpowderNmesh; Copperpowdersphericalmesh; Copperpowdermeshunderargon; CopperwireNmmdia; CopperfoilNmmthick; CoppershotNmm; Copper powder; Copper, small rods for elemental analysis; Copper (S, P); Electrolytic tough pitch copper (O); Copper (O); Continuous cast copper (O); Electrolytic copper (trace elements); Copper with added impurities (trace elements); Copper foil(99.9%); Copper wire (99.99) 0.25mm dia.; Bronze, powder; Copper wire (99.9***) 0.76mm dia.; Copper wire cloth; Copper foil (99.9985%); Copper foil(***); Copper shot(99.9) 1-10mm; Copper shot(99.9***) 2-8mm; Copper metal foil; Copper turnings; Copper metal wire; Copper solution 1000 ppm; Copper solution 10 000 ppm; Electrolytic copper; Sponge copper; Copper nanopowder; copper(2+)
CAS:7440-50-8[1]
EINECS:231-159-6
分子式:Cu
分子量:63.5449
铜的氧化态有0、+1、+2、+3、+4,其中+1和+2是常见氧化态。+3氧化态的有六氟合铜(III)酸钾,+4氧化态的有六氟合铜(IV)酸铯,0氧化态的Cu(CO)₂可通过气相反应再用基质隔离方法检测到[1]。
铜容易被卤素、互卤化物、硫、硒腐蚀,硫化橡胶可以使铜变黑。铜在室温下不和四氧化二氮反应,但在硝基甲烷、乙腈、乙醚或乙酸乙酯存在时,则生成硝酸铜:
Cu+2N2O4→Cu(NO3)2+2NO
金属铜易溶于硝酸等氧化性酸,若无氧化剂或适宜配位试剂的存在时,则不溶于非氧化性酸,如:
铜可溶于氯酸或经过酸化的氯酸盐:
3Cu + 6H+ + ClO3− → 3Cu2+ + Cl− + 3H2O
存在较浓的氯离子时发生配位反应:
2Cu + 6S=C(NH2)2 +2 HCl → 2Cu(I)(S=C(NH2)2)3Cl + H2[2]
铜在酸性条件下能和高锝酸根离子反应,使高锝酸根离子还原为单质锝:
7Cu + 2TcO4- + 16H+ → 2Tc + 7Cu2+ + 8H2O[3]
铜和硫化亚铁加热可以发生置换反应:
2Cu + FeS → Cu2S + Fe
铜加热可以和三氧化硫反应,主要反应有两种:
4Cu + SO3 → CuS + 3CuO
Cu + SO3 → CuO + SO2